MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ENGLISH

DESCRIPCIÓN

En la era de la globalización, el inglés se ha establecidocomo un idioma indispensable y predominante en la comunicación científica ymédica a nivel internacional. Gran parte de las investigaciones, estudios yactualización de protocolos se publican en inglés, por lo que dominar la lenguapermitirá a los profesionales mantenerse actualizados con los últimos avances yprácticas en su campo.

Es un recurso nuevo para enseñar y aprender inglés con elfin de aplicarlo en un entorno médico.

Contiene 13 unidades didácticas, cada una de ellas enfocadaen una especialidad médica. Las unidades incluyen una serie de actividades parareforzar el aprendizaje del idioma.

Posee un atlas visual del cuerpo humano con las estructurasanatómicas en inglés.

La versión digital cuenta con las pistas de audio en inglésreferidas a las actividades y una serie de ejercicios adicionales.

Permite el acceso a la plataforma Voicebooks,una herramienta complementaria para mejorar las habilidades de escucha ycomprensión en inglés.

La versión digital de esta publicación incluye materialcomplementario que facilitará la comprensión del contenido de la obra.

Audios que ayudan al estudiante a desarrollar sushabilidades en la escucha del inglés médico y que están relacionados con:

Ejercicios propios de las lecciones.

Ejercicios para la preparación de exámenes oficiales deCambridge Assessment English.

Ejercicios adicionales a los incluidos en la obraimpresa, y sus soluciones.

Acceso a Voicebooks : plataforma con 13 unidades alineadas con elcontenido teórico del libro. Escucha una frase, escribe en la plataforma lo queentiendas y la plataforma te ayudará a reconstruir la oración completa palabrapor palabra. De esta forma evaluarás tus habilidades de escucha ydescodificación de las palabras.

JACOPOD'ANDRIA URSOLEO
Teaching English to Speakers of Others Languages (TESOL) and Language Testing.

He hasgained solid experience in the preparation of students to most popular languagecertification exams.

He is theauthor of numerous English language manuals for secondary schools. 

KATEGRALTON
Teaching English in the area of Bologna for over twenty years, where she stillsimparts courses of Business English.

She hasbeen collaborating for some years as a linguistic consultant at the Universityof Bolzano and works as an author, editor and freelance editor of schooltextbooks of English language for several school levels.

INDEX

UNIT 1MEDICAL LANGUAGE AND INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY

LESSON 1 Welcome to medical English!

The history of medical English

Communicating withpatients in English

Spelling

Pronunciation

LESSON 2 Word structure in medicalEnglish

Word structure in medical English

Word roots

Prefixes

Suffixes

Combining words

Abbreviations

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 Talking about the body

Introduction

Body planes and directions

Frontal or Coronal plane

Sagittal plane

Transverse plane

Other bodydirections

Body quadrants

Body cavities

LESSON 4 Medical specialties

Medical specialties

Orthopaedics

Dentistry

Pulmonology

Cardiology

Gastroenterology

Dermatology

Haematology

Immunology

Neurology

Endocrinology

Andrology

Gynaecology and Obstetrics

Ophthalmology

Otolaryngology

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 2 ORTHOPAEDICS (I): THE SKELETAR SYSTEM

LESSON 1 The anatomy of the skeletal system the axial skeleton

Introduction

The skull

The bones of thechest

Bones of theback

LESSON 2 The anatomy of the skeletal system the appendicular skeleton

Pectoralgirdle bones of the shoulders

Upper Extremities

Upper and lowerarm

Bones ofthe wrist, hand and fingers

Bones of thehips

Bones of thelower extremities

Upper and lowerleg

Ankles, feetand toes

Physiology of bonegrowth

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 The most common diseases and disorders of the skeletal system

The maindiseases of the bones and skeleton

Diseases of thevertebrae

Diseases ofthe joints (arthropathy) and ligaments

Arthritis

LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment of the skeletal system

Laboratory and diagnosticprocedures

Blood tests

Imaging tests

Medical procedures

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 3 ORTHOPAEDICS (II): THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

LESSON 1 The anatomy of the muscular system (Part 1)

Types of muscles

Naming of theskeletal muscles

Origins and insertions

Joints

Muscle movement

LESSON 2 The anatomy of the muscular system (Part 2)

Muscles ofthe head and neck

Muscles ofthe shoulder, chest and back

Muscles ofthe upper extremity arms and hands

Muscles of theabdomen

Muscles ofthe Lower Extremity Legs and Feet

Physiology of musclecontraction

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 The main diseases and disorders of the muscular system

The mostcommon diseases of the muscles

Movement disorders

LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment

The mostcommon laboratory and diagnostic procedures

Blood tests

Muscle tests

The most commonmedical procedures

Braces and adaptive devices

Deep tendon reflexes(DTR)

Muscle strengthtest

Rehabilitation exercises

Trigger pointinjections

Surgical procedures

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 4 ODONTOLOGY AND DENTISTRY

LESSON 1 Dental anatomy and physiology

The oral cavity

The teeth

LESSON 2 Dental charting

Introduction

Names of teeth

Dentition

Dental arches

Tooth numberingsystems

Tooth surfaces

Morphology of teeth

Occlusion

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 Dental instruments

Introduction

Hand cutting instruments

Amalgamcarriers, condensers, plastic filling instruments, carvers and burnishers

Dental handpieces and rotary instruments

LESSON 4 Dental caries and periodontal disease

Dental caries

Restoration/fillingprocedure

Periodontal disease

Other formsof periodontal disease

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 5 PULMONOLOGY AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LESSON 1 The lungs and the respiratory system

The anatomyof the upper respiratory system

The nose and nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

The anatomyof the lower respiratory system

Trachea

Bronchi

Alveoli

The lungs

LESSON 2 Physiology of respiration

Introduction

Respiration

The processes of respiration

Respiratory rate

EXERCISES

Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 The main diseases of the respiratory system

Introduction

Diseases ofthe upper respiratory system

Diseases of bronchialtubes

Diseases of thelungs

LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment

Diagnostic procedures

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 6 CARDIOLOGY AND THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

LESSON 1 The heart and the cardiovascular system

Introduction

The anatomy of theheart

The cardiovascular system

The wall of theheart

LESSON 2 Blood vessels

Introduction

Arteries, capillariesand veins

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 Circulation of the blood and physiologyof the heart

Systemic circulation

Pulmonary circulation

Alveoli

The beating heart:blood pressure

How doesthe heart pump?

The maincardiovascular diseases, diagnostic procedures and treatment

Introduction

Diagnosis

Treatment forcardiovascular diseases

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 7 GASTROENTEROLOGY AND THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

LESSON 1 The anatomy and physiology of the upper gastrointestinal system

Introduction

The upper gastrointestinal system

LESSON 2 The anatomy and physiology of the lower gastrointestinal system

The small intestine

The large intestine

Accessoryorgans of the digestive system

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 The main diseases of the digestive system

Diseases and disorders

Pharynx and oesophagus

Stomach

Small and large intestines

Inflammatory boweldisease (IBD)

Accessory Organs

LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment

Diagnostic procedures

Blood tests

Gastric and fecal specimen tests

Diagnostic tests

X-ray examsand imaging

Main therapeuticand surgical procedures

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 8 DERMATOLOGY AND THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

LESSON 1 The integumentary system

Introduction

The layers of theskin

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

LESSON 2 Accessory structures of the skin

Introduction

Hair

Nails

Sebaceous (oil)glands

Sweat glands

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 The main cutaneous diseases

Introduction

The most commoncontagious diseases

LESSON 4 The main diagnostic procedures and treatment

Introduction

Diagnostic procedures

Culture andsensitivity test (C&S)

Biopsy

Woods Lamp

Scratch (epicutaneous) or Prick Test

Sweat Test

Medical and surgical procedures

Aesthetic procedures

Blepharoplasty

Botox injections

Dermal fillers

Liposuction

Skin resurfacing techniques

Rhytidectomy

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 9 HAEMATOLOGY AND INMUNOLOGY

LESSON 1 The anatomy of blood

Introduction

Blood

Plasma

The formed elements

Blood types

LESSON 2 The lymphatic and immune systems

The lymphatic system

Lymph orlymphatic fluid

LymPhatic vessels

Lymphoid tissues cells and organs

The immunesystem and immune response

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 The main diseases of the blood and lymphatic system

The mostcommon diseases of the blood

Anaemia

Deep vein thrombosis(DVT)

Haemophilia

Leukaemia

Mononucleosis

Multiple myeloma

Polycythemia vera

Thallassemia

Transfusion reaction

The mostcommon diseases of the lymphatic system

Graft-versus-hostdisease (GVHD)

Lymphadenopathy

Lymphoedema

Lymphoma

Thymoma

Vasculitis

The mostcommon immune disorders

LESSON 4The main diagnostic procedures and treatment

Introduction

Blood tests

Blood type

Bloodculture and sensitivity (C&S)

Complete blood count(CBC)

Erythrocytesedimentation rate (ESR, SR, Sed rate)

Peripheral bloodsmear

Coagulation tests

Serum tests

Urine tests

Other bloodtests

Diagnostic Imaging

The most commonmedical procedures

The most commonsurgical procedures

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 10 NEUROLOGY AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

LESSON 1 The Anatomy of the Central and PeripheralNervous Systems

Introduction

The Anatomyof the Central Nervous System (CNS)

The Brain

The Spinal Cord

ThePeripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System

LESSON 2 Physiology of a Neuron and Neuron Transmitters

Nervous Tissue

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 The Most Common Diseases of the Nervous System

The MainNeurological Diseases and Disorders

Amnesia

Aphasia

Arteriovenous Malformation(AVM)

Brain Tumor

Cephalalgia

Cerebral Palsy

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Coma

Concussion

Dementia

Encephalitis

Epilepsy

Huntingtons Disease

Meningitis

Parkinsons Disease

Spinal Cord Injury

Multiple Sclerosis

LESSON 4 The Main Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment

Introduction

Laboratory Tests

Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination (CFS)

Imaging Tests

Cerebral Angiography

ComputedAxial Tomography (CAT, CT)

Doppler Ultrasonography

Magnetic ResonanceImaging (MRI)

Myelography

PositronEmission Tomography Scan (PET)

Skull X-ray

Other Diagnostic Tests

Electro Encephalography (EEG)

Evoked PotentialTesting

Nerve ConductionStudy

The MostCommon Medical and Surgical Procedures

Babinskis Sign

Glasgow Coma Scale

Lumbar Puncture

Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE)

Neurologic Examination

Spinal Traction

Transcutaneous ElectricalNerve Stimulation (TENS) Unit

Specific SurgicalProcedures

Carotid Endarterectomy

Discectomy

Stereotactic Neurosurgery

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 11 ENDOCRINOLOGY AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

LESSON 1 The Anatomy of the Endocrine System

Introduction

The Anatomyof the Endocrine System

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Pineal Gland

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Glands

Thymus Gland

Pancreas

Adrenal Glands

Ovaries

Testes

LESSON 2 Physiology of Hormones

Hormone Response and Feedback

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 The Main Diseases and Disorders

of the Endocrine System

Introduction

Hyperadrenalism and Hypoadrenalism

Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Pancreatitis

Pituitary Gigantism

LESSON 4 The Main Diagnostic Procedures

and Treatment

Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures

Blood Tests

Urine Tests

Imaging Tests

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 12 ANDROLOGY, GYNAECOLOGY, AND OBSTETRICS

LESSON 1 The Anatomy and Physiology of the MaleReproductive System

Introduction

External Organs

Internal Organs

Physiology of Spermatogenesisand Ejaculation

Spermatogenesis

Ejaculation

LESSON 2 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System

Introduction

Internal Organs

External Genitalia

Menstrual Cycle

Pregnancy

Labour and Delivery

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 The Main Diseases and Disorders of the Male Reproductive System, Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment

Introduction

Testes and Epididymis

Prostate

Penis

Sexually TransmittedDiseases (STD)

The MostCommon Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures

Blood Tests

Semen Tests

Diagnostic Imagery

LESSON 4 The Main Diseases and Disorders of the Female Reproductive System,Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment

Ovaries and Uterine Tubes

Menstrual Disorders

Cervix

Vaginal Infections

Breasts

Sexually TransmittedDisease (STD)

Pregnancy, Labourand Delivery

During Pregnancy

During Labourand Delivery

The MostCommon Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures

Gynaecological Tests

Diagnostic Imagery

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4

UNIT 13 OPHTHALMOLOGY AND OTOLARYNGOLOGY

LESSON 1 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye

Introduction

The Anatomy of theEye

Physiology of Vision

LESSON 2 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear

Introduction

Anatomy of theAuditory System

Vestibule and Semicircular Canals

Cochlea

Physiologyof the Sense of Hearing

EXERCISES Lesson 1

Lesson 2

LESSON 3 Diseases, Disorders, Diagnostic Proceduresand Treatment in Ophthalmology

Refractive Disorders

Inflammation and Infection

Pathologies

LESSON 4 Diseases, Disorders, Diagnostic Proceduresand Treatment in Otolaryngology

The MainDiseases and Disorders of the Ear

Hearing Loss

The MainDiagnostic and Surgical Procedures

Diagnostic Tests

EXERCISES Lesson 3

Lesson 4